TY - JOUR
T1 - Thymidine decreases the DNA damage and apoptosis caused by tumor‐treating fields in cancer cell lines
AU - Jeong, Hyesun
AU - Jo, Yunhui
AU - Yoon, Myonggeun
AU - Hong, Sunghoi
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by a grant from the Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (Grant number: HI14C3477) and Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF-2020R1A2C1101294) of the Government of the Republic of Korea.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Genetics Society of Korea.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - Background: Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging non-invasive cancer-treatment modality using alternating electric fields with low intensities and an intermediate range of frequency. TTFields affects an extensive range of charged and polarizable cellular factors known to be involved in cell division. However, it causes side-effects, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, in healthy cells. Objective: To investigate whether thymidine can have an effect on the DNA damage and apoptosis, we arrested the cell cycle of human glioblastoma cells (U373) at G1/S phase by using thymidine and then exposed these cells to TTFields. Methods: Cancer cell lines and normal cell (HaCaT) were arrested by thymidine double block method. Cells were seeded into the gap of between the insulated wires. The exposed in alternative electric fields at 120 kHz, 1.2 V/cm. They were counted the cell numbers and analyzed for cancer malignant such as colony formation, Annexin V/PI staining, γH2AX and RT-PCR. Results: The colony-forming ability and DNA damage of the control cells without thymidine treatment were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of BRCA1, PCNA, CDC25C, and MAD2 were distinctly increased. Interestingly, however, cells treated with thymidine did not change the colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, or gene expression pattern. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that thymidine can inhibit the TTFields-caused DNA damage and apoptosis, suggesting that combining TTFields and conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, may enhance prognosis and decrease side effects compared with those of TTFields or conventional treatments alone.
AB - Background: Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) is an emerging non-invasive cancer-treatment modality using alternating electric fields with low intensities and an intermediate range of frequency. TTFields affects an extensive range of charged and polarizable cellular factors known to be involved in cell division. However, it causes side-effects, such as DNA damage and apoptosis, in healthy cells. Objective: To investigate whether thymidine can have an effect on the DNA damage and apoptosis, we arrested the cell cycle of human glioblastoma cells (U373) at G1/S phase by using thymidine and then exposed these cells to TTFields. Methods: Cancer cell lines and normal cell (HaCaT) were arrested by thymidine double block method. Cells were seeded into the gap of between the insulated wires. The exposed in alternative electric fields at 120 kHz, 1.2 V/cm. They were counted the cell numbers and analyzed for cancer malignant such as colony formation, Annexin V/PI staining, γH2AX and RT-PCR. Results: The colony-forming ability and DNA damage of the control cells without thymidine treatment were significantly decreased, and the expression levels of BRCA1, PCNA, CDC25C, and MAD2 were distinctly increased. Interestingly, however, cells treated with thymidine did not change the colony formation, apoptosis, DNA damage, or gene expression pattern. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that thymidine can inhibit the TTFields-caused DNA damage and apoptosis, suggesting that combining TTFields and conventional treatments, such as chemotherapy, may enhance prognosis and decrease side effects compared with those of TTFields or conventional treatments alone.
KW - Cell division
KW - DNA damage
KW - Thymidine
KW - Tumor‐treating fields
KW - cancer cell
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105513021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s13258-021-01105-z
DO - 10.1007/s13258-021-01105-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 33950471
AN - SCOPUS:85105513021
VL - 43
SP - 995
EP - 1001
JO - Genes and Genomics
JF - Genes and Genomics
SN - 1976-9571
IS - 9
ER -